It had to deal with Irish . Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Elizabeth I: a biography. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st explanation. (4 marks) According to many people at the time Mary Queen of Scots had a stronger claim to the . Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. his early wars against France and his championing of Catholic orthodoxy against the teachings of Martin Luther. The Spanish attempted to regroup at Gravelines, however, the weather made it impossible for them to reform their defensive crescent formation which opened up an opportunity for the English to intercept and attack. Mary's Catholicism and previous alliance with France increased the threat of a French invasion in support of her, which threatened the stability of Elizabeth's kingdom. After Anne Boleyn was executed, Henry had the marriage annulled, effectively meaning that it never happened. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Spanish invasion plans. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. Most of the new ships were being built in the deepwater port Portuguese port of Lisbon which was protected by strong fortifications. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. Foreign Affairs. When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. (1583) was a threat to Queen Elizabeth. In 1580, she received treasure from Sir Francis Drake from his exploits which was worth more than all the rest of her income for that year put together. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch This significantly committed Elizabeth to support the Dutch rebels directly against the Spanish. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. As such, I disagree with the statement. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? Elizabeth would receive a share of the privateers profits and as Englands financial situation was poor at the time, this proved to be an incredibly important source of income for the Queen. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Answer:Despite initially being a threat to England, civil war in France from 1562 meant the French monarchs were too preoccupied with home affairs to pose a thr eye27 eye27 11.05.2020 Importantly though, the arrival of Mary Queen of Scots in England did more to embolden the threat of Catholicism. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. 1558 -french threat. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. J. The English also had better tactics that were more effective. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. However this union was appalling because he was Catholic was married to the previous queen, and a foreigner. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. to answer the Section Focus Question: Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, finally removed the on-going threat at home from Catholics who wanted to replace Elizabeth with her. Protestants (notably John Knox) initially claimed female rule was unnatural or monstrous, while Roman Catholics judged . The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. On the show, Francis has a tumultuous relationship with his wife, Mary, and their inability to conceive a child is a major source of conflict between them. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . From 1574, with the help of the Pope, Catholic priests were also being smuggled into England to continue the spread of the Catholic faith. Company Reg no: 04489574. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? Roberto di Ridolfi was an Italian banker who played a small role in the Revolt of the Northern Earls. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. Henry himself gave people cause . Boston House, Why was the threat of invasion Elizabeth's biggest problem in 1558? France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. 2022 Youth Conference - post conference 4 month challenge! 14-16 / Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? A very detailed response which demonstrates excellent subject knowledge and reaches a clear judgement based on justifiable criteria. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. She was then third in line behind her Roman Catholic half-sister, Princess Mary. Elizabeth and Philipthese two powerful peoplewould begin their relationship peacefully, even warmly, but they would become enemies, facing off in a battle of empires and faiths that would . Anne Boleyn (L), Henry VIII (C) and Elizabeth I (R) Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. In 1565 the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire proposed that Elizabeth marry Archduke Charles of Austria. As the closest person to God in the eyes of the Catholics, obeying the Pope was of paramount importance and this meant Elizabeth had to be suspicious of other Catholic threats at home. VAT reg no 816865400. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. First English colony in Virginia established. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. Official Oxford 2023 Postgraduate Applicants Thread. Pope, Head of Catholic church would excommunicate her. From there we will look at the career . Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. The Duke of Medina Sidonia sailed up the Channel and anchored at Calais while waiting for reinforcements from the Duke of Parmas troops. . Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. The Pope, as head of the Catholic Church, could rally support for these plots and for some Catholics, obeying the Pope was more important than obedience to Elizabeth. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd explanation. Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. The child cried when he saw the _______ of his favorite toy in the driveway. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. In all, whilst the Catholic threat was increased through Elizabeths interference with the Dutch revolt, as it incurred the anger of the Spanish, it was Mary Queen of Scots presence that emboldened the Catholic threat. Calais was a French port which the English had occupied and was responsible for 80% of wool exports. migration? The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Elizabeth chose to give direct help to the rebels by signing the Treaty of Nonsuch, which placed the Netherlands under her protection and promised military help. In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. Why was France a threat? Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. By instinct, Elizabeth was a -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . The most important reason however was a combination of Marys arrival and the Popes interference. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. LS23 6AD The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. The plot was uncovered whilst Ridolfi was abroad (he never returned). English sailors land at Roanoke to find it abandoned. The threat of invasion was heavy as England was in the midst of strongly Catholic countries in Europe, who saw Elizabeth's Protestantism as a threat to their own countries and a major problem. Moreover, when Henry executed Anne Boleyn in 1536, Henry VIII himself declared Elizabeth illegitimate (although this situation was later reversed). The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. Overview of Elizabeth I / The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. This delayed the Spanish attack and gave the English more time to prepare (hence the attempted invasion of the Armada one year later in 1588). The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. Sir Francis Drake and the raid on Cadiz: `Singeing the King of Spains beard. The relative strength of France and weakness of England was further compounded by the fact that Elizabeth had to recognize the loss of Calais to France under the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis in 1559, following a disastrous English military campaign under the reign of Elizabeth's predecessor, Mary I. Calais had been in English hands since 1347. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. They never met with the Duke of Parma and were forced to sail around the British Isles. They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. John White led another group to Roanoke, 3 years after the attempt to colonise it. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . Who we are Changelog Terms of Service Privacy Policy FAQ Sitemap, Psychology History Sociology Business Studies, Psychology Sociology Business Studies Mathematics, Latest Posts Resources Workbooks Past Papers. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. Cleopatra, Queen Victoria and many more. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Boston Spa, There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. Save. Moreover, the brazenness of these revolts was further helped by the blessing of the Pope, whose directives on recusancy and overthrowing Elizabeth were obeyed by many Catholics both domestically and internationally. Robert Dudley was the Earl of Leicester and during the time of the conflict involving the Netherlands, he was appointed to lead the military expedition to the Netherlands. Write a paragraph or two. Doodle's Point of View The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. Elizabeth hesitated for several months, however, eventually signed Marys death warrant. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself.
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